Ideal Office Temperatures for Productivity

Conventional wisdom says that finding the ideal office temperature is important to worker productivity. A difference of just a few degrees can have a significant impact on how focused and engaged employees are. For decades, the available research suggested keeping the office temperature between 70 and 73 degrees Fahrenheit would be best for the majority of workers.   The problem was that the research was outdated. It was primarily based on an office full of male employees, as most workplaces were until the latter half of the 20th century. Todays office buildings, however, are likely to have as many women as men. So should that factor into decisions about office temperatures? Women and Office Temperature According to a 2015 study, womens different body chemistry must be considered when setting the office thermostat, especially in the summer months when air conditioners run all day long. Women have lower metabolic rates than men and tend to have more body fat. This means women will tend to be more susceptible to cold than men. So if there are a lot of women in your office, some temperature adjustment may be required. Even though the research may recommend 71.5 F as the minimum acceptable temperature, office managers should consider not only how many women are in the office, but how the building is designed. Large windows that let in a lot of sunlight may make a room feel warmer. High ceilings may create poor air distribution, meaning heaters or air conditioners have to work harder. Knowing your building, as well as the people in it, is crucial to getting that ideal temperature. How Temperature Affects Productivity If productivity is the driving factor in setting office temperatures, looking at old research is not going to help create comfortable workplaces. But research shows that as temperature rises, productivity declines. It makes sense that male and female workers would be less productive in an office with a temperature over 90  F. The same is true as the temperature decreases; with the thermostat set below 60 F, people are going to spend more energy shivering than focused on their work.   Other Factors Affecting Temperature Perception A persons weight, specifically body mass index or BMI, can affect how they react to temperature. Those who weigh more will feel warm more quickly, while those with lower-than-average BMI usually get cold easier.Age also plays a role. As we get older, particularly above 55, we tend to be more easily affected by the cold. So an older workforce may benefit from a slightly warmer office temperature.Humidity  affects how we perceive temperature. If the air is too humid, it can affect peoples ability to sweat, which can lead to heat exhaustion. A relative humidity level of 40 percent is optimal for year-round comfort. And while high humidity can feel oppressive, low humidity can make the air feel colder than it is, which is also problematic. This can cause skin, throat, and nasal passages to feel dry and uncomfortable.Being either too humid or not humid enough affects perceived temperature and comfort levels. So keeping a good relative humidity level is key to maintaining a healthy and p roductive office environment.

The Freedom to the Choice of Abortion - 539 Words

We all live our lives as we please all in accordance to the law, but when it comes to abortion people start to judge and try to regulate how others live and interfere in their personal choices. We live in a country based on freedoms, and women have and should continue to have the freedom to the choice of an abortion. A woman’s right to choose abortion is a fundamental right recognized by the US Supreme Court. The courts also have a category of classes called the ‘near-suspect’ classes, which include gender. Gender deserves protection from possible discrimination at the hands of the majority. Women constitute a majority of American’s and have been discriminated in the past. The Landmark case Roe v. Wade was decided and remains the law of the land. Making laws against abortions don’t stop abortions from happening; they just make it less safe, which in many cases leads to death. Therefore idea of supporting pro-life is contradictory, this is why the nat ion should be pro-choice. No child should be brought into this world where they are not wanted or are not able to live a normal life. Most people who are against abortion will never even become pregnant, so they should not be making laws against it. Pregnancy is a private and personal matter. Outlawing abortion is discriminatory and unfortunately abortions are being transformed from a right to a privilege for most women. Abortion represents a womans right to choose whether or not to continue a pregnancy, and this is aShow MoreRelated Abortion - A Freedom Of Choice Essay1772 Words   |  8 Pagesyears, abortion has been one of the most heated topics being debated in the United States and Canada. The only topics that equal the abortion debate are race and war. Abortion is a discussion of human interaction where ethics, emotions, and law come together. There are people that have different views of abortion but no matter what their view is they fall under a thin line. There is the pro-choice and the pro-life. These are the only two categories that people’s views fall into. A pro-choice personRead MoreEssay on Abortion: A Freedom of Choice865 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion: A Freedom of Choice During the last twenty-five years, abortion has been one of the most heated topics being debated the world. The only topics that equal the abortion debate are race and war. Abortion is a discussion of human interaction where ethics, emotions, and law come together. People have different opinions usually only have two choices when confronted with abortion. They are either for it or against it. There is the pro-choice and the pro-life. These are the only two categoriesRead MoreEssay on Abortion: Women Must Have Freedom of Choice! 993 Words   |  4 Pagesor whether to have children because freedom is choice! â€Å"Abortion is never an easy decision, but women have been making that choice for thousands of years, for many good reasons. Whenever a society has sought to outlaw abortions, it has only driven them into back alleys, where they became dangerous, expensive and humiliating. Amazingly, this was the case in the United States until 1973, when abortion was legalized nationwide (Chisholm, 2011).† The word abortion alone stirs up many ill feelings andRead MoreEssay about Persuasive Arument on Abortion1309 Words   |  6 PagesThe argument whether abortion should be legal or not has been raging for years. In America where democracy rules and the right to freedom of choice are set at a high priority among citizens, it’s not hard to see pro-choice and pro-life ideals going head on. In this paper I will explain some of the major reasons woman have abortions, as well as how if we are truly a democratic society and we do have freedom, then pro-choice and legalizing abortion is the answer. I will also talk about ethical issuesRead MoreMorality Of Abortion s Argument1207 Words   |  5 Pages Morality of Abortion Counter-Argument Kyle Pedigo PHI 103: Informal Logic Micheal Pelt August 29, 2015 â€Æ' Morality of Abortion This paper is written to present a counter argument. This is a counter argument to a debate that has been around for a very long time and likely will not go away any time soon. The topic I will be covering is: Does the stage of pregnancy affect the morality of abortion? In my opinion I have to say no. But, my opinion is not the subject of this paper. My original argumentRead MoreTen Supreme Court Decisions that Impacted the Reproduction Rights of Women1067 Words   |  5 Pages When talking about Supreme Court decisions that have greatly impacted the lives of women it is very hard to settle on just five of the many cases that have been ruled in favor of the rights of women. When discussing the topic of reproductive freedom and The Supreme Courts rulings on these matters ten cases can and must be discussed in order to provide a total overview and timeline of these historic rulings. The American Civil Liberties Union has helped women breech the barriers of sexual repressionRead M oreEssay on The Social Conflict of Abortion1275 Words   |  6 Pages Choice, what is choice? Choice is the right, power, or opportunity to choose. Everybody in society has a choice and these choices have many outcomes. A woman’s right to choose to have an abortion or not, is her fundamental right. If society outlaws abortion, society is interfering with the woman’s right to make decisions related to her own body. Many theorists believe that sexuality is what divides women from men and makes women less valuable than men; keeping this concept in mind it can beRead MorePro Choice On Abortion : Abortion Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesPRO-CHOICE ON ABORTION What do you think about when you hear the word abortion? According to dictionary.com Abortion is the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy and also any of various surgical methods for terminating a pregnancy, especially during the first six months. Abortion it’s a decision a woman has the right to make. No government should have the right to dictate what happens to the woman’s body. Nobody should have a word or say in the decision the womanRead More Should Abortion Remain Legal? Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pages America is a land of choices and rights, a land of opportunities and freedom but where do we draw the line? On January 22, 1973 the US Supreme Court made a historic decision that a woman has a constitutional right to an abortion during the first six months of pregnancy. Before the Court’s ruling, a majority of states prohibited abortion, although most allowed an exception when pregnancy threatened the woman’s life . The Court overturned these state prohibitions in Roe v. Wade. The Court ruled thatRead MoreAbortion: Pro-Choice is the Logical Argument Essay845 Words   |  4 Pagesethicality of abortions has been a hotly debated topic during the past several decades. In the Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade, the Court ruled that women had the constitutional right to seek abortions; however, in 1989, the Court later decided that each state had the right to set its own abortion policy. Heated disagreements and different perspectives have led to the creation of two different movements: the prochoice movement and the prolife movement. The former supports abortion, the intentional

Legislation Applications Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Legislation Applications in Australia. Answer: Demonstration of the application In the team work the promotion strategies are very affective because the work given to them should be given in teams and to get better result the promotion offers are provided so that they should try their best to complete work on time. The promotions can be given many types like incentive, promotion, cash back or motivate. These promotion can create competition in the team they will try to achieve the targets on time and result will be perfect. If the employees are motivated than only they work faster because the employees are unhappy with regular working and salary but to motivate them they will work fast to get more incentive for family and personal needs. As we know that Australia is big country with less population and the according wealth its very strong. So the people from different country of different came to Australia for jobs and earning due to that the other racial employees work with Aussie people. That cause many problem and the local discriminate the other racial people. By seeing this act was passed racial discrimination act was passed in 1975. So that the people facing problem related to racial they can lodge complaint against the culprit and strong action will be taken. (Procon.org, 2009) Appointment of new employees: The company appoints new employees every new month, new quarter or every year but the employee should be given training before he should start working on assignments. The company should promote old employees and the new employees work under there guidelines. The old employees are having experience in working in the similar organization and help the new employees to work better. Some time the differences occurs between the old employees and new employees the manager should be appointed who should manage problem raised by them. He can take action on the spot without informing the organization. But if it is out of control he should aware the organization to take critical steps. The team work makes the work so simple and fast done perfectly. (Procon.org, 2009) Steps required to be taken: There is need for come steps taken by the company like: Try to resolve problem Clarification between them CCTV should be planted in the company to check the where problem occurred. Transfer one of the person with sound bases Fire culprit There are main steps of making the products successful are: Products: The products made by the organization should be satisfactory and according to market research that the customer needs in present time. The survey should be done before launching the products that help to know the demand in the market. If the same products is available in market compare the quality of products, check the price and many more aspects to make products successful. If the product is perfect organization manager will also be confident about products. Services: The products should be explained because need services after sales. They should about the guarantee and warrantee of products so that in future problem occurs. Customer relations: The customers plays main role in marketing if the customers is satisfied then the products will give new height to the company but if the customer do not like that then the products will flop in the market. Sometime products are good but customers are not aware of the product features. So the customer relationship manager should take steps for informing the new products features and benefits of the products that customer satisfy and buy the new products. The company should produce those products which are in demand in market and customer needs. (Marzulli, 2013) Key features of the relevant current legislations: The key features of the relevant current legislation including: Age Sex Discrimination Act 2014: This Act facilitates to guarantee that people are not treated less satisfactorily on the ground age in different regions of community life. This Act also presents for positive discrimination that is, actions which support people of an exacting age who incident a weakness because of their age. For example the employee who joined the without but has less experience he had to work under the guidance of the senior employees. Sometime senior employees try to make fun of him or give him more work than old employees. Disability discrimination: This Act was made in 1992 (DDA) was the act passed by the Parliament of Australia to promote the rights of people who are suffering from disability in certain community such as lodging, schooling and conditional and goods service. This disability mean that the person who is not having any part of body or part of body stop working. May this problem is from birth or sometime due to accident occur. The person who is facing this problem are discriminated in the society except helping them they are commented. Racial discrimination: This Racial Acts was found in 1975 and give effect to Australias obligations under the International Convention on Elimination of all forms of Racial discrimination. Its major objectives are given below: This Act is to promote equality between people who are disrespected for their Race, Color, national or ethnic origin. The company employees who discriminate between the employees due to Race, color, national or ethnic origin. For example: As we know the people from the different country came to Australia for earning and settled. But they are of different colors, Race and national due that discrimination raised in country to stop these this acts was passed. Sex Discrimination Act: This Sex Discrimination Act was passed in 1984 to gives effects to Australia requirements under conventions on the Elimination of all structures of Discrimination against women and certain characteristics International labor Organization (ILO) Convention 156. The most important purpose of this Acts are given below: Eliminate discrimination on the basis of sex, marital status or pregnancy and with respects to discharge, family responsibilities. Promote equality between men and women. Eliminate sexual harassments at educational institutions, in the provision of goods and services, in the provision of accommodation and the delivery of common wealth programs. Human rights and equal opportunity commission Acts: This Act was created for human rights and equal opportunity commission and gives it utilities in associations. (Loxha Rogova, 2012) Conclusion: The policy should make in which the employees get motivated but there should not be any competition which can cause any dispute among the team members. Mostly worker are not satisfied with the salary given by the company and they do less work to motivate them the incentive system should be implied so that employees will try to achieve goals to get incentive. The Act is made for the people who are facing many kinds of discrimination so that they can take action by registering the complaints. The company should make some rules and regulation so that employees should not discriminate with each other. The manager should be appointed to take care of the team member and have authority to resolve or take action against the problems. Bibliography FAIR, 2014. The Fiscal Burden of Illegal Immigration on U.S. Taxpayers. [Online] Available at: https://www.fairus.org/publications/the-fiscal-burden-of-illegal-immigration-on-u-s-taxpayers. Foxnews, 2013. Cost of giving illegal immigrants path to citizenship could outweigh fiscal benefits. [Online] Available at: https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/01/28/cost-giving-illegal-immigrants-path-to-citizenship-could-outweigh-fiscal/. Loxha, A. Rogova, A., 2012. Business environment in Kosovo: A view on the key policy implications. [Online] Available at: www.legalpoliticalstudies.org. Marzulli, J., 2013. Feds say 7-Eleven stores in N.Y., Va. exploit illegal immigrants, launch sweeping probe. [Online] Available at: www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/n-y-va-7-eleven-stores-exploited-immigrants-feds-article-1.1374919#ixzz2lD3RP8CF [Accessed 15 November 2014]. Merry, 2003. Human Rights Laws and the demonization of culture. Politics and Legal Anthropology review, 26(1), p.55. Preston, J., 2008. Decline Seen in Numbers of People Here Illegally. [Online] Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/31/us/31immig.html?partner=rssnyt_r=0. Procon.org, 2009. Illegal Immigration. [Online] Available at: https://immigration.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=000811. Schneid, T.D., 1997. Legal Liability: A Guide for Safety and Loss Prevention Professionals. Aspen Colo: Schneid, T.D. Legal Liability: A Guide for Safety and Loss Prevention Professionals. Aspen, Colo.: Aspen Publishers, 1997.

Unit free essay sample

The child must have language to know what the word â€Å"dog† refers to. Language can also refer to a child understanding and speaking a specific language or dialect. c) Communication- this is about how people show each other what they mean. This can be through written or spoken terms. It is the exchange of information. Communication could also refer to using sign language or Makaton. The way of communicating depends on the parties in which the information is being communicated between. For younger generations communications can also refer to text message, email or communicating through social networks. ) Speech, language and communication needs; these are the specific needs for the child that need to be assessed. A program will then be produced to help the child’s specific needs. Practitioners must also know the speech, language and communication needs of the parents. Practitioners must know how a parent will respond to communication and which form of communication sui ts them best. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. 2 Explain how speech, language and communication skills support each of the following areas in children’s development. a) learning- when children are learning we must remember to use simple instructions. It is important that we tailor our wording to make sure that children understand. Short sentences are the best way of communicating and teaching children. When children are learning we can also use visuals to help a child’s learning. For example, a child will connect the word winter with a picture with snow fall. Children will also use their speech, language and communication to talk about and make the connection between having experienced the winter. They will be able to talk about the winter without having to be in the winter to talk about it. b) emotional- emotion is a direct link to communication. Being able to control your emotions is a big part of development. Babies and toddlers struggle with emotion as they don’t have the language to explain them. As their language develops they begin to be able to express their emotions and their needs. As a toddler, when we can’t express our emotions we tend to throw tantrums and have outbursts due to frustration and anger. As children are developing it is important to address emotions so they know how to express them. As they get older children and young people are able to talk about and express their emotions affectively. ) behaviour- this is about self control. Young children act on impulse as they don’t have the language to express how they feel. They therefore tend to act out. Their behaviour tends to be an indication of their language. However, as children develop their language they begin to think about their behaviour. They start to understand the consequences of their behaviour and their actions. Children be gin to tell themselves what they should and shouldn’t do. d) social- speech, language and communication skills support a child’s social development. Without and speech, language and communication a child is unable to develop socially. They will be unable to communicate with other children therefore their social skills are unable to develop. A child with speech, language and communication delays may struggle socially with others. Their speech, language and communication skills support them to socialise with others and to develop relationships with others. 1. 3 Describe the potential impact of speech, language and communication difficulties on the overall development of a child, both currently and in the longer term. Potential impact of speech, language and communication difficulties on the overall development of a child are; Limited ability to play with others; a child with speech, language and communication difficulties may not have the language and communication skills to communicate with their peers in order to engage in play situations with their peers. The speech, language and communication difficulties may therefore get in the way of a child’s play with others. Limited ability to build relationships; a child with speech, language and communication difficulties may struggle to build relationships with others. Communication is a huge part of building relationships. They are built on mutual respect, understanding and trust. If a child is unable to communicate it is difficult for others to gain understanding. If the child doesn’t feel like they are understood they will struggle to build a relationship with that person. By having speech, language and communication difficulties it makes it harder for a child to communicate and therefore gain understanding. Limited social skills; if a child has speech, language and communication difficulties they may have struggled to develop their social skills. This will stop a child from being able to develop friendships and long term friendships and relationships with others. Poor or inappropriate behaviour; a child with speech, language and communication difficulties may become frustrated. This can lead to changes in their behaviour. They may begin to behave badly due to frustration or to distract others from the problem. Isolation; a child with speech, language and communication difficulties may choose to become or end up becoming isolated from others. They may not feel understood and may therefore end up becoming isolated from their friends and family. Low self-esteem; a child with speech and language difficulties may end up suffering from low self esteem. This could be due to embarrassment of speaking in front of others. This could then also mean that they have low or no self confidence. Poor literacy skills; having speech, language and communication difficulties may cause children not to learn as well at school and therefore end up having poor literacy skills as a result. Difficulties with understanding information; a child with speech and language difficulties may have difficulties in understanding information. This could lead to the child not understanding information that they need to know if in a dangerous situation, therefore possibly putting them in more danger. Difficulties with expressing themselves; when suffering from speech and language difficulties children and young people may struggle to express what they mean and what they want to express to others. 2. 1 Explain the ways in which adults can affectively support and extend the peech, language and communication development of children during the early years. Adults can support and extend this by; Providing a supportive language environment; it is important for adults to support and extend children’s development in different languages. For example, if English is an additional language we must support the development in that language as well. This can be done by allowing children to b e supported in all languages that they speak. Although we are in an English speaking country, we must acknowledge that children speak other languages at home. We must allow for children to be assessed in mother tongue as they may have the understanding but just may not have the language to express their understanding. Appropriate use of words and level of language by adults when communicating with children and parents or carers; when communicating with children it is important that we use language that they understand. We must also take this into consideration when talking to parents and carers. We must recognise different levels of language and understanding between children and their families. Once we know the level we must find ways in which to support and extend the language and understanding for children and for their families. This may include using different communication methods for different children and their families and even adjusting communication methods to suit individuals. Understanding and valuing the importance of a child’s first language or home language; when trying to extend a child’s language in English we must also value the child’s home language. Whilst we primarily teach in English, if a child has an additional language we must continue to support that where we can. As said before, children may be able to express their knowledge and understanding in other languages therefore we must allow then the opportunity to express themselves and to be assessed in that language. Naming familiar objects; when extending speech, language and communication a good place to start is naming familiar objects around them for example, toilet, water. As children become familiar this can be extended further and further. Even if there is a language barrier adults and children are able to use pointing to show what they are showing in their language, this can then be easily translated. For example, if a child points at a ball and says the word â€Å"ball† in their language, we are able to guess this and then model saying ball to them and showing them the ball. Within time children will start to repeat and begin to learn new language. Resources; by using resources in schools we can extend speech, language and communication. Resources for stories, role play or music can help to develop their speech and language further. Resources can be used for children to name and become familiar with the naming of objects. They can also be used to develop their language in social situations during role play and playing with others. Adapting own language; it is important for us to adapt our own language according to a child’s needs and abilities. Some children have English as a second language and may need us to point at objects as well as speaking and also may rely on our facial expressions. When speaking to a baby or toddler we would use simple sentences. However, the older the child gets the more complicated sentences we are able to use and they will begin to use themselves. For example, a one year old would hold out a biscuit to you and just say the word â€Å"biscuit† however an older child would use the question â€Å"would you like a biscuit? †. This will continue to adapt and become more complex as the child gets older. Scaffolding the child’s language; by repeating key words and whole sentences allows a child to begin to put it all together. This can also be done by through songs and actions. For example, the song, pat a cake. If sung on a regular basis the child will begin to sing along and also do the actions. When conversing with a child, if the child only uses a few words we could help them by extending their language by introducing more words to the child. Giving children time and opportunity to communicate; it is important to give children the time to process what has been said to them. If a child doesn’t answer straight away, do not answer for them, give them the time to respond. Within my setting when doing an activity such as finding a word from a collection of words, I make sure that the children have the time to look at all the words and use their sounds to try and find the word. By giving the children time we are giving them the confidence to do this for themselves. If I feel the child is struggling I will give them a hint rather than the answer. I will help the child sound out the word but will let them choose the word themselves so they don’t feel like they haven’t been able to do it. Facilitating communication between children and each other; as well as communicating with the children ourselves it is important that they communicate between each other. Within my setting we often have times when children are asked to work with a partner and discuss a particular topic. Another way of doing this is to have games that involve two to four players and allows the children to communicate with each other and learn to take turns. Recently we did an activity where the children had to design a monster for a story. The children were in small groups and had to communicate with each other in order to decide the colour, how many legs, the name etc. The took it in turns to share their ideas and also took it in turns to do the writing and the drawing of particular parts of the monster. Whilst discussing this with each other the children were developing their own speech and language as well as sharing it with others. Learn through play; within my setting we try to change activities in order to keep the children interested and get them talking about differences. For example; we may add food colouring or glitter in the water tray. This encourages the children to talk about how it is different or maybe how else we could make it different next time. We also change the toys and the size of the containers which are used in the water. This encourages children to start using language for example, â€Å"full†. â€Å"half full†, â€Å"empty†. We also encourage children to talk about how many cups could fill a bowl etc. We also change the theme of the home corner each term or half term depending on the topic. For example, last term the topic was transport therefore the home corner was made into a bus. This allowed the children to use language the have learnt from being on a bus with their parents. We provided resources such as bus tickets to support the children’s learning. This term it has been changed into a travel agents and the children have been able to discuss what countries they have been to, where they are from and what they know about different countries as well as teaching each other what they know. Working with carers; within my setting each child takes books home several times a week in order to read at home with their parents and carers. This allows children to use language to discuss with their parents what is happening in the book. It is important for children to continue this learning at home as well as just within the school setting. As well as this children also take home caterpillars and ladders which have words on that the children need to learn. Once they are able to read and recognise these words when being pointed at in a random order they are able to progress to the next set of words. Within my setting we work together with parents as much as possible and also provide literacy courses for parents to come to with their children in order to support them as much as possible. Parents are also invited in to volunteer on trips, and to support through out activities such as maths week or cooking activities. . 2 Explain the relevant positive effects of adult support for the children and their carers. There are many positive effects of adult support in speech, language and communication for children and their carers. These affects are; Improved communication skills; by supporting speech, language and communication for children, parents and carers we can help to improve children’s overall communication with o thers. Working with children one to one and in small groups we are able to support them in their speech, language and communication development. This can also improve on communication between settings and parents/carers and also between parents/carers and their children. Listening; supporting children’s speech and language can help support their listening. A lack of speech and language skills can cause children’s listening to be affected due to their lack of understanding. Improving their listening can then lead to an improvement in children vocabulary and improve in their communication skills in conversation. Increased levels of social interaction; by supporting children’s speech, language and communication their levels of social interaction will increase. By having the confidence to interact with others and being supported in this by adults then their confidence will continue to grow. Their self confidence will begin to grow and result in becoming more and more confident to communicate with others. Having more self confidence will lead to children building positive relationships with those around them. These people include; peers, parents, carers, families and other adults. Children will have the confidence to confide in others and build relationships with them. By supporting children and their families us as practitioners can help them to build good relationships with each other. . 3 Explain how levels of speech and language development vary between children entering early years provision and need to be taken into account during settling in and planning. Children’s speech and language development can vary dramatically due to a range of reasons. These are; Lack of exposure to language; children who are not exposed to a lot to l anguage may end up having delays in their speech and language development. For example; children who do not attend play groups or pre-schools will not have the same exposure to language as those who do. Therefore their language development may be lacking. This must be taken into account when planning. We must ensure that we assess this and provide extra support to those who didn’t have exposure to language. Having a lack of exposure to language can cause children to develop slower and lead them to be behind their peers in their learning. Children who have had a lack of exposure to language may will have their development of language affected. The lack of exposure means that they have been unable to develop their language skills as much as those who have been exposed to language before attending school. Learning difficulties; children who suffer from hearing difficulties may end up suffering from speech problems. By not being able to hear properly their speech is therefore affected in their pronunciation of words. When hearing difficulties have been recognised we must ensure that work and activities are suitable for all children. Children may also have had a lack of understanding and this may have affected their learning. If this is not recognised from a young age, it can continue to affect their speech and language development. Health issues and illness; suffering from health issues or illness from a young age may lead children to miss out on schooling. This could lead to delays in their speech or language and even mean that any problems are not detected. When planning we must adjust things in the setting for those who may have delays. We must make sure that we have an understanding of children’s backgrounds in order to recognise where these speech and language problems may have developed from and where and how we can put action in place to support the development of their speech and language further. Low confidence; children with speech and language problems may suffer from low confidence. In planning we must try to include times when they can build confidence but not push children to feel uncomfortable. We must recognise which children suffer from low confidence and find ways in which we can encourage them to develop their confidence. Assess child’s language development through observations; it is important to observe and assess children’s language. Practitioners should have time to observe children in the setting to be able to take note and assess the hild’s development in formal and informal observations. Any findings from assessments will allow practitioners to develop their planning further in order to support a child’s language development further. Involve parents/ carers in developing a plan for a child; parents and carers know their children the best therefore it is important we take into account their knowledge of their children when planning. It is important to involve parents and carers in the settling in process. As practitioners we are still getting to know new children. Parents and carers will also know more about a child’s speech and language abilities and the language that the child uses and understands. Develop personalised targets; it is important to know that not all children develop the same. We must develop personalised targets for each child in order to support them. These targets should be for that child and be reachable. These must have realistic outcomes for the child and must include a realistic time frame for the targets to be reached. Assess individual and group needs; children should be assessed in order to understand and recognise their needs. Assessment can help us to provide support as an individual or within a group. This may vary from child to child and assessment will allow us to develop our planning further in order to make sure that it is aimed at all children as well as supporting children’s individual needs. Create appropriate materials and resources, eg, audio, visual, tactile, ICT; if a child is coming into your care with hearing or visual impairments it is important to provide resources to help them to settle in. These resources could include; visual aides for example, picture cards or ICT equipment eg, a laptop to support a child with their learning. By providing appropriate materials and resources we can make sure that they are supporting children when settling into a new setting. If a child has come from another setting into yours it may be worth finding out what materials and resources were successful their and what materials and resources were not successful and need to be looked at and be changed or adjusted. Implement plans; any plans that have been drawn up following assessment should be followed. By following these the child’s settling in process may be quicker and may help them. Plans are made to be able to support children in their learning as much as possible. It is important that everybody follows planning to make sure that we are all working together to support and speech, and language development during the settling in period for a child. Planning has been put in place in order to make the settling in period run smoothly and therefore should be followed to our abilities as much as possible. Seek support from therapists and engage in feedback and reviews; by actively seeking support from therapists we can provide the best provision and support for children. Therapists can help to support a setting in ensuring that a child settles in quickly into a new setting. Feedback can be shared between agencies and reviews can be conducted to help to support children. Therapists may also be able to support us in finding out why children are struggling to settle in and may help us find out the reasons behind this. They can also help us in finding a range of ways in which we can help and support children by sharing feedback between us and by attending reviews in order to discuss and put in place any support that may be needed. . 4 Evaluate the effectiveness of speech, language and communication support for children in own setting. Within my own work setting we have several children who receive speech, language and communication support. We follow many assessments to discover whether a child needs support for speech and language. Tests such as reading and sight words may allow us to discover the first signs of speech and language problems. These outco mes can be recorded and by looking through the results we may discover a child needs speech and language support. When a teacher or practitioner has discovered a child who may have speech, language and communication difficulties a Speech and Language therapist is brought in for assessment. The therapist may come in to support the child in sessions in school however they will also provide a plan for the school and practitioners to follow the rest of the time. Therapists will work with children on a one to one basis or in small groups in order to help and support children in reaching their speech and language goals. They will have regular sessions with children and follow a plan that has been created from assessment. Other assessments such as observations can allow us to discover any problems. Observations will allow us to see children communicating with their peers and may let us see where the child is having problems or struggling to communicate. Observing a child in a natural situation and setting is a great place for us to see this. Publications such as Every Child a Reader (ECaR) and Every Child a Writer (ECaW) shows us that every child needs support in reading and writing regardless of their level. Children who struggle or who are at a lower level of reading and writing need support. However we must also still support those who are working well in reading and writing. Within my setting we follow children’s individual speech and language programmes. This allows us to work towards reaching individual goals. Within the setting I work closely with the children and the speech therapist. The children will have weekly sessions with a speech therapist. Working weekly or on a daily basis with the children we are able to help children to continue to build on their speech, language and communication. Although the children have sessions with a Speech Therapist we are always working on developing their speech and language. Children are always using and developing their speech and language when talking in their natural environment. When playing with their peers children naturally develop their speech and language. For example, when children are role playing they will develop their speech and language by using different words to describe what they are doing and they will also pick up different words. The sessions the children have with the speech and language therapist gives them the language they need and use when playing with their friends and when communicating with their teachers and peers. Within my setting there are children I feel have had positive outcomes from attending speech and language sessions. We had a child come to us in Nursery who had speech and language problems. She attends one to one and small group sessions once a week with a speech therapist. To begin with the girl didn’t like to attend the sessions and she got upset as she found it difficult to communicate and found it frustrating. She would only communicate with others when they asked he questions and would never initiate conversation. We had to begin by having short sessions and gradually lengthened them. Over time she began to become more confident within the session, and became happy to attend them. She also began to be more confident in talking to her peers and other staff she didn’t see regularly. In a short space of time we have seen her grow in confidence and she has become more chatty with the speech therapist, her peers and other members of staff. She has also begun to initiate conversation with people around her and more willing to answer questions within the class. Speech and Language Therapists can also come in to settings to work with children who have problems eating. Within my setting we have a child who has trouble eating. Speech and Language Therapist are also able to support settings and staff in encouraging and finding a solution for the problem of the child not eating. Within my setting the Speech and Language support have been able to help us to work with the child and his eating has improved.

Free Essays on Futurefirst

We’ve decided to use the direct sales route for our product. Direct Selling is the sale of a consumer product or service, person-to-person, away from a fixed retail location. These products and services are marketed to customers by independent salespeople. Depending on the company, the salespeople may be called distributors, representatives, consultants or various other titles. Products are sold primarily through in-home product demonstrations, parties and one-on-one selling. As reported in 2000, the 55 percent of American adults who have ever purchased by direct selling is exceeded only by the percentage of those who have ever purchased via retail stores (96%) or through mail order catalogs (83%). The primary reason we chose direct sales marketing is we feel that the consumer, in this age of internet commerce, will have a better personal experience while purchasing a new product though direct sales. In addition, we chose direct sales because we want to target a demographic that will purchase from a trusted retail vendor such as the major department store. We’ve decided to sell this product at department stores like Macy’s, Strawbridge’s, J.C. Penney. We’ve also decided to sell it at large-scale gyms like the YMCA or Gold’s Gym and sporting good stores such as Sports Authority and Dick’s.... Free Essays on Futurefirst Free Essays on Futurefirst We’ve decided to use the direct sales route for our product. Direct Selling is the sale of a consumer product or service, person-to-person, away from a fixed retail location. These products and services are marketed to customers by independent salespeople. Depending on the company, the salespeople may be called distributors, representatives, consultants or various other titles. Products are sold primarily through in-home product demonstrations, parties and one-on-one selling. As reported in 2000, the 55 percent of American adults who have ever purchased by direct selling is exceeded only by the percentage of those who have ever purchased via retail stores (96%) or through mail order catalogs (83%). The primary reason we chose direct sales marketing is we feel that the consumer, in this age of internet commerce, will have a better personal experience while purchasing a new product though direct sales. In addition, we chose direct sales because we want to target a demographic that will purchase from a trusted retail vendor such as the major department store. We’ve decided to sell this product at department stores like Macy’s, Strawbridge’s, J.C. Penney. We’ve also decided to sell it at large-scale gyms like the YMCA or Gold’s Gym and sporting good stores such as Sports Authority and Dick’s....

Fiscal Stimulus - Three Key Ingredients

Fiscal Stimulus - Three Key Ingredients In late 2008 and early 2009, you could not turn on a TV or open a newspaper without hearing the term fiscal stimulus over and over again. The idea behind fiscal stimulus is a rather simple one - a reduction in consumer demand has resulted in an unusually high number of idle resources such as unemployed workers and closed factories. Because the private sector will not spend, the government can take the place of the private sector by increasing spending, thus putting these idle resources back to work. With their newly found income, these workers will be able to spend again, increase consumer demand. As well, workers who already have jobs will have increased confidence in the state of the economy and will increase their spending as well. Once consumer spending rises enough, the government can slow their spending, as they are no longer needed to pick up the slack.The theory behind fiscal stimulus depends on three basic factors. As we will see, in practice it is difficult to have more tha n two of these met at any one time. Fiscal Stimulus Factor 1 - Provide Stimulus Through Use of Idle Resources Fiscal stimulus only works if it uses idle resources - resources that would not otherwise be used by the private sector. Using employees and equipment that would otherwise be used by the private sector is of no use; in fact, it is detrimental if the private sector projects are of more value than government ones. This crowding out of private spending by public spending must be avoided.To avoid crowding out, great care needs to be taken in a fiscal stimulus package to target industries and geographic areas that contain idle resources. Re-opening a closed automotive plant and rehiring the laid off workers is an obvious way to do so, though in the real world it is difficult to target a stimulus plan so precisely.We cannot forget that the choice of what type of fiscal stimulus is chosen by politicians, and thus is a political issue as much as it is an economic one. There is a great likelihood that a politically popular but non-stimulating package will be chosen over one that is politicall y less popular but more beneficial to the economy. Fiscal Stimulus Factor 2 - Started Quickly A recession is not a particularly long-lived phenomenon (though it often feels like one). Since World War II recessions have lasted between 6 and 18 months, with an average duration of 11 months (source). Suppose we are in a long recession of 18 months, with another 6 months of slow growth afterward. This gives us a 24-month window in which to provide fiscal stimulus. During this period a number of things have to happen: The government has to recognize that the economy is in recession. This takes longer than one might imagine - the National Bureau of Economic Research did not recognize that the United States was in a recession until 12 months after it started.The government needs to develop a stimulus package.The stimulus bill needs to be made law and pass all the necessary checks and balances.The projects involved in the stimulus package need to be started. There may be delays in this step, particularly if the project involves the building of physical infrastructure. Environmental assessments need to be completed, private sector contractors need to bid on the project, workers need to be hired. All of this takes time.The projects, ideally, need to be completed. If they are not completed before the economy fully recovers, then we will certainly have crowding out as these employees and equipment would be of use to the private sector. All of these items need to happen in the window of, at best, 24 months. Meeting this task seems quite difficult, if not impossible. Fiscal Stimulus Factor 3 - Perform Reasonably Well on a Benefit-Cost Test Ideally, we should get good value for our money - the government should spend taxpayer dollars on items of real value to the taxpayer. Government spending will necessarily raise GDP because in the calculation of GDP the value of any government project is determined by its cost, not its value. But building roads to nowhere does nothing to increase our true standard of living.There is also the political issue here - that projects may be chosen on their political popularity or value to special interests, rather than on their merits.   Fiscal Stimulus - Meeting One Factor Is Hard; Three Is Impossible In Fiscal Stimulus - Unlikely To Work in the Real World we will see that not only are some of these factors hard enough to meet on their own, it is nearly impossible to meet more than two of them at any one time.

THE MID-EAST Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

THE MID-EAST - Research Paper Example Israel is further right in their claim that Jews probably need a state of their own – after the tragedies of the holocaust, where the entire people was nearly exterminated, it is impossible to argue that Jewish safety is not augmented by the state (27). Both sides thus have the â€Å"right† on their side, leading them to feel entirely justified in any actions they take to achieve their aims – after all, they are in the â€Å"right.† This argument obscures, however, the fact that a just cause is not all that constitutes being in the right. The actions one takes to achieve one’s goals are also incredibly important, and both Israel and Palestine put themselves in the wrong in this way. Israel has waged wars that have cost countless civilian lives, while some Palestinians have resorted to terrorist tactics, targeting civilians in the attempt to achieve their aim. So while the fundamental argument of both sides might keep them in the right, their tactics place them squarely in the wrong. This quotation may be an apt one – certainly it has been impossible for lasting peace to be achieved in the middle east for some time now, despite monumental efforts by everyone involved. The Six Day’s war, rather than leading to lasting peace, for instance, only intensified the conflict within the Levant itself (Shoshan 38), and the more recent war against Palestine by Israel served only to inflame opposition and further empower Hamas. This quote obscures, however, the fact that there is still a possibility of peace, and simply because the current political situation is not conducive to it does not mean that it will never happen. One of the fundamental problems with conflict in the middle east is the fact that there has rarely been representative governments – before the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and the recent Arab Spring, dictators or clans have been the norm of power in the Middle East. This is conducive to violence, because a) democracies have little qualms

Expanding Product Offerings and Quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Expanding Product Offerings and Quality - Essay Example Change occurs based on the fluctuation in the market due to innovations on new ways of doing things. It can also be based on the actions of the competitors for substitute products which may change customer loyalty. This may result from reduced sudden decline in sales. Pay a closer look at the customer’s feedback against the brand. Check on the activities of your competitors in terms of their blending, grading and sorting. Check on the marketing trends and the promotional feedbacks. The most attribute of iPhone is its retina-display screen which has a higher screen resolution. Its high density pixel presents quality images and better text display. The phone’s curved font edges and the color combination attracts customers in various niches (Sander & Scott 2012). To this end, the phone has a higher contrast ratio with a combination of brighter white screen resolution and deeper In-Pane thus improving the brand’s viewing angle, a feature that its close substitute are far from reaching. It chemically hardened glass pane; ultra-durable and greatly resistant to any form of scratches. The possession of the 3G internet enabled, music player, touch pads, glossy appearance and wide screen raises the attractiveness of the Apple’s product leaving no option but to purchase. Apple’s retail management appreciates the need for window display which is most appealing for the sale of iPhone product (Elliot, 2012, p.111). This draws the customers, promotes-slow moving items leading to better sales even during economic depressions. The window display approaches proves cost-effective and hence attributes further presents a further platform for special advertisement which translates into its sales. Changing the brand’s contrast ratio which has a combination of the brighter white screen resolution and deeper In-Pane will interfere with the brands viewing angle. Most loyal customers have been urged to buy this brand based on its contrast ration

Harlem Shake Essay Example for Free

Harlem Shake Essay I am going to describe what I saw when I watched the Peanuts Harlem Shake video. The Harlem shake is a dance where one person dances alone for fifteen seconds, then a roomfull of people joins in doing crazy gyrating manically dance movements. Sometimes in costumes with random objects sometimes not. The reason I choose this one is because it reminds me of when I was a child and used to watch the Peanuts. On the stage of an auditorium with purple drapes and a pink wooden floor sets a grand piano. Sitting at this piano is Schreoder, a boy that has yellow hair. He is wearing a purple and black striped shirt and black pants. Behind the piano is Snoopy, a white beagle with black ears. Across the piano from Schreoder is Lucy, a girl. She has black hair and a purple dress. She is laying on the floor with her arm resting on the piano relaxing. Schreoder begins to play the piano and the same time as bass drop music as if he was playing it. Lucy is relaxing at the opposite end of piano. Snoopy starts junping up and down , running in place while his arms are spread open. At first they are oblivious to his dancing. Then they notice looking at him oddling. A few seconds later Snoopy stops tired and panting hard. The a voice over a speakers saysDo The Harlem Shake. Then a whole stage of people are dancing manically. Now Snoopy is on the front of the stage. He now has a red guitar and is playing it like a rock star, then stands it up on its end and is dancing around it. Schreoder continues to play piano. On the stage behind piano is Pigpen, a boy that never baths and has dirty clothes. He is strumming on a cello. You can tell he is dirty from the dirt and dust swirling in the air around him. There are twin girls in purple dresses dancing happily bouncing on one foot to the next waving their hands in the air in the middle of the stage. Charlie Brown, a bald boy wearing a yellow shirt with a zigzag black stripe is standing in the corner not knowing what to think about all the craziness. He is holding a megaphone but never uses it as if hes thinking What am I going to do? and just watches confused. Then bass drop music continues, you hear what sounds like a lion roar. The dancing continues. Also in the front of stand next to Snoopy is a spikey haired boy with a orange shirt. He is bouncing on his toes while shrugging his shoulders moving his head from one side to another. Freda, a natural curly brunette is in the back of the stage. She jumping up and down, arms out in front of her waving them back and forth happily. Next to her is a boy with brown hair and a green shirt. He is walking like a zombie with his arms straight out in front of him, then he switches and does the running man dance. In the middle of stange thes a girl in a green dress with black hair. She is doing a dancing like shes puncing someone while jumping. To the right of her is Linus, a boy who alway carries a banket. He is dancing with blanket in his hands, arms to his side moving them up and down. Sally, a blonde hair girl, wearing a blue dress is doing a dance that resembles the drying yourself with a towel. With Charlie Brown still confused, the music ends and so does the dancing. I do believed that the Peanuts did do the first harlem shake, but without the bass music. The video I watched the dance from was from Charlie Brown Christmas,which was produced in 1965. The harlem shake with the bass music started in 2012, 47 years later.

The Destructive Power of the Media Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive T

The Destructive Power of the Media      Ã‚  Ã‚   I have the most adorable little cousin named Alexandra, whom I love with all my heart. One day I was very disturbed when she told me that she was fat. She was 4 years old at the time. I was stunned and had no idea what to say to her, so I just told her that she is a healthy little girl and that she needs to not to worry about that. I tried to think of where she would come up with this thought, and after a while I remembered a conversation that her mother and I had. We were talking about how nice it was when we were younger and we did not have to work at being thin. Her mother said something about being fat and Alexandra must have been listening. This got me thinking about how I came to be self conscious about my body. I came to the conclusion that it is just something that every woman has to go through at least one time in her life. But why, what is it that makes every woman want "the perfect body?" I pondered this question for a while, but I was baffled. Later that day I began to read the "Cosmopolitan" and I began paying attention to the advertisements in this very popular woman's magazine; I was amused at the angle the advertisers use to try to get women to buy their product. One advertisement was for an alcoholic drink called Tequiza. The advertisement compared the calories and the fat content of that drink to the calories and fat content in another popular alcoholic beverage. I am under age, but I am a college student so I will not lie and say that I do not drink on occasion, but when I do drink I do not worry about how much fat or how many calories I am taking in. To me this advertisement was completely ridiculous and instead of making me want to buy the product I have now vowed... ... by showing us how happy it will make us. They shape our culture by telling us that we want to be married because the people advertisements are and they are incredibly happy. They also shape our culture by setting the standard for the way we look. All women at one point in their life are self-conscious because they do not look like the models in advertisements. Advertisements are the reason why women obsess about their weight and the way they look. I do not know about most people, but I do know that I do not want to live in a world where advertisements tell me what I want or how I should look.      Works Cited    "Super Bowl Clutter." Editor & Publisher. Vol. 127, Issue 6 (1994): 6. Signorielli, Nancy and Douglas McLeod. "Gender Stereotypes in MTV Commercials: The Beat Goes On." Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. Vol. 38, Issue 1 (1994): 91.

Drama and Theatre studies – practical- coursework

In my AS theatre studies course we have studied, Antigone a Greek tragedy by Sophocles and, Yerma by Federico Garcia Lorca which is a Spanish play based in the countryside of Andalusia. Both plays have their main characters female and both surround around the â€Å"injustice† they have been through the main reason being men and the patriarchy society they're in. So from both the plays we've studied we get a feeling of a â€Å"battle between the sexes† they both create the idea of women â€Å"fighting back†. This was our group's first inspiration for our devised piece we decided to base our play around the treatment of women and the unity of women coming together to fight against men, because of the unfairness towards women. This idea of all women against their men gave me the idea of a scene from the production of Chicago the musical, where all these women are together in jail for having killed their husbands/boyfriends in a variety of ways and they all sing of how â€Å"He had it coming†, making it the men's fault. I thought this idea of fighting back but then justifying it because these men are â€Å"cruel† and so deserve punishment, this could also be used in our play. This scene is a musical scene they are all singing and dancing, it's also quite creative in that it starts off with simple sounds that each woman makes to represent her â€Å"story† for example one woman keeps repeating the word â€Å"pop† you later find out when she explains her story (in song) that her man kept making that pop sound with his gum and that's what irritated her into shooting him dead! When each woman says their word (or sound) it goes around again from the beginning and they kept repeating it over and over and faster each time that it started to make a beat and that's when the song started. This influenced us into doing many things for our play such as having an unrealistic scene where we could have music and dancing and also if we had the female characters that have had the injustice done to them if they each had one word to describe them and then like in Chicago have them repeat it in a climax of a scene. In Chicago they all come together and dance in unison etc†¦ o we began to think of having those individual stories of each woman but then in the big climax having them come together to get revenge in â€Å"unison†. Therefore the basic plot that we gathered for our devised piece is that there are a number a woman who have been treated unfairly or unequally by men they are in a relationship and so they all get their ‘vengeance' by coming togethe r and punishing them all in an extremely unrealistic way. The group came up with ideas of using something like â€Å"voodoo† or magic to be their fight back. Because when we thought of â€Å"powerful† â€Å"evil† women it made us think of â€Å"witches† and that casting a spell could be their way of getting men back! Research Chicago- Item 1 (enclosed) In this scene of Chicago these women are in jail they all sing about how they killed their husbands and blame them for their death. The imagery of all these women uniting as one and dancing in unison, that'd be useful for our play, instead of keeping the women as individuals even though they all have different stories and are different people, make them come together, become one and fight back. Also it shows the feisty sexy side to women shows them to be strong not just sweet and caring as they are stereotyped to be, so we need to portray this. It's almost like saying every woman has a tigress in them and you push her then it will be unleashed and she will fight back! Arab men and domestic violence- Item 2 (enclosed) From this article you can see the main reason these Arab men were abusive to their wives was because of their patriarchal society. This I feel is down to insecurities of when they are not feeling like they are in â€Å"power†. But these statistics show that they are â€Å"against† it, it's almost like they don't realise what they're doing, and some blame their wives for them doing it. This helps me to understand my character because I know that he uses certain mechanisms to save himself from blame and feeling guilty. I'll use this in my acting, id be trying to make excuses and to justify my reasons for beating my wife. True story domestic violence Tanya Grey- Item 3 (enclosed) This could be put into both my character and Priya's, because we can use examples of things that had happened in this story of abuse and put it into our story. For example one scene in our play when the husband comes home and the wife is terrified just hearing his footsteps; this was real and had happened to this woman in the article. From this we made our stylised version of it, the footsteps and other actions are exemplified by a thudding sound that will be made by one of the actors off stage, and as he gets closer a heart beat rhythm starts showing how scared she is. And also in one scene the husband suspects his wife is waiting for another man (cheating) because she's got candles and is relaxing, this again comes from the real life story of this couple where she was relaxing and having a bath and he accuses her of waiting for a man. The reasons for them doing things can also be put into how we see our characters and then this will help us to understand them and so be able to â€Å"be† them (Stanislavsky's magic IF), for example his reasoning is jealousy wanting to have power and she stays with him at first because she finds this strength and power attractive, before she realises that he's actually dangerous! Stanislavsky's Emotion Memory- Item 4 (enclosed) When trying to be and feel like our characters we have to literally feel what they are feeling to be able to act to the best potential, this theory of Stanislavsky's allows an actor to do this by bringing similar personal feelings of the actors into their acting. So for example when Priya is acting extremely scared she had to remember a memory of when she felt really scared and then put all those gestures facial expressions etc into the acting. This of course is quite difficult because you're not in that situation; you need a lot of focus and determination to carry it off well. This could help me also in scenes where I have to be aggressive and angry if I jus think of the last time I was very angry and imagine being my character and what I'd do in that situation. Feminism/Ann Oakley- Item 5 (enclosed) Our play in a way represents feminism, women fighting against men! Ann Oakley is one of the main feminist writers, these quotes show her views on why men are the way they are (patriarchal society). Again I can use this to understand the thought paths of my male character; she believes they are violent because they see at as â€Å"masculine† because that's how men are presented in their society. So my character may feel like it's his â€Å"duty† because he is male to put everything in â€Å"order† (by forceful means). Again these are his reasoning for doing the abuse. I could mention these kinds of reasons in my monologue. Theory of why men abuse- Item 6 (enclosed) Again this gives the familiar reason that men abuse because they want power, but it also explains why women tend to stay with their abusive partners, which is because some women may be very dependant on their husbands, financially and if they have children she feels she can't be able to give them what they need. Also another reason not mentioned is that women that are in love with their partners just don't want to leave them because they love them and expect them to change one day. Priya's character will also need excuses for why she is with him and they'd be dependency and love. She can portray it in her acting by trying please him, not getting him angry, always doing as he says etc†¦ Health and safety 1. Stacked chairs There are many chairs that are stacked in corners it could be dangerous if they were to fall on to someone it could injure them so we made sure to keep them away from us whilst acting. There are also some chairs with attached desks which are quite heavy and some aren't extremely stable. So again we need to make sure they aren't in our way when acting. 2. Board on wheels This board can be pushed on to someone's foot or may fall on someone so is also dangerous to us so we keep it away from us. 3. Floor slippery If we have slippery shoes the floor is also quite smooth so it may be easy for us to slip and hurt ourselves. 4. Lights If the lights are a bit wobbly they might possibly fall on someone, so we made sure they were fixed on securely. They made sure they had safety chains so that even if they fall they don't fall to the ground and so don't hurt someone or get damaged 5. Trailing wires: there are wires on the floor that can easily be tripped over, we made sure they were pinned to the sides of the wall and don't come anyway near our acting space (stage). Shoes: They can be a problem if they are high heels or platforms if some were to accidentally trod on some one it could hurt them quite badly. Rope scene: This is when the women are strangling the men with ropes, we had to use a technique that our drama teacher taught us of the person who was being strangled would actually be the one in control of what happens not the other person, so the other person is holding onto the victim whilst they are moving around and acting as if they're being strangled. Abuse scene: There is a part where I am supposed to have slapped Priya but instead we make a noise and my hand doesn't touch her face she just moves like I had hit her. Helia's necklace: There is a scene where Helia's character pulls off her necklace and drops it on the floor, this could be risky if the beads were to fall off and they scattered because someone could slip on them. So she will pull them and drop them gently but looking like she's doing it with more force. Development of the play and my role When we had decided on the ideas of what we want in our play, using different ideas from some of the plays we've studied, as a group we all sat and discussed the next step which was the actual story-line of our play. This came quite easy for us as our main inspiration was about the oppression of women and how they are â€Å"mistreated† by men in a patriarchal society (mainly based on Yerma and Antigone). And we knew our climax has got to be about the anger and revenge of women, when we were talking about this I mentioned the jail scene in Chicago the musical where all the women were bitter and vengeful of their men, they had all murdered their husbands and were proud of it, they justify why they did it, from this we thought of the play being about proving the point or justifying how women are treated badly by men. So this brought us to the idea of having one man that had used a number of women and so is cheating and lying and not valuing their relationships but then these women figure it out and join together to get their own back. Finally after deciding on this idea we started trying out a scene we realised many lessons were being wasted by us just talking and thinking about what to do rather than trying out things to see if it works or not. The group were too focused on figuring out what or how these women will get their â€Å"own back†, we came to the conclusion that the only way to do this was to have it as an unrealistic scene. I started to think of how we could do this and I remembered a scene from my favourite TV show Friends where the three main female characters wanted to get rid of everything of their ex's and phoebe the gypsy type character told them to throw everything that's theirs or they gave them into a fire and that's a remedy of letting go of their man. I liked the symbolism in the idea of the fire and their personal items representing them, when I told this to the group we then came out with the idea of making the â€Å"come back† a fire â€Å"voodoo† scene! This way we could represent the women's anger and frustration in a strange way as if it's driven them insane and they just need to let it all out and this is their way. And the good thing about theatre is we can show this in a stylised performance and make it completely out of the ordinary. The â€Å"revenge voodoo† scene was the first scene we tried out, Dee volunteered to be the guy, the rest of us were then to be the angry women, Dee was defiantly on the ball that lesson I think she worked better when actually physically doing work she came up with the idea of having the guy wrapped in rope and each women had a piece of it in their hand and they were all tugging at him so that he was moving in different directions, and she also thought of a rock song that was appropriate for this scene. But then when trying to move on from there we realised it was far too complicated to do the individual stories of each women with that one guy because there were simply too many women, that's when we thought of having three couples and this left out an actor (Beatrix) we thought of just having her as a mystical character, a devil like creature that likes to stir things and will be in the background of most scenes but invisible to everyone and the final voodoo scene will have been planned by her, she had brought the women together and put it into their heads to do the voodoo ritual. We started talking a lot about the voodoo scene we wanted dancing and light effects etc†¦ But we were wasting a lot of time just discussing minor details that can be dealt with later on so we all decided to just spilt into our couples and work separately on our individual stories and scenes, which would come before the voodoo scene, then near the end of the lesson we'd come together and tell each other what we'd done. In my couple I am the man and Priya my wife, we discussed reasons for how and why this relationship broke down it had to be of course the husband's fault and so a reason to why she's against men and wants revenge, when thinking of a patriarchy society and the problems with this I immediately thought of how man like to claim â€Å"ownership† over women and I remembered this film I had watched called â€Å"Enough† and it was about this man who was so obsessed with being in control he beat his wife just to make him feel like he had power over her. I told Priya about my idea of using domestic violence as the story of what happened between our couple, at first she wasn't so sure, she said it'd be difficult to portray someone beating someone and it may turn out to be too much like a â€Å"soap opera†. But I tried to convince her we could make it work so she agreed to give it a go. When discussing with the other groups we then had our three reasons why these women are angry with their men, ours was he abused his wife, Dee and Ema had decided Ema was to be a young 14 year old girl that was raped by Dee a 22 year old man, Helia and Elizabeth got their idea from Yerma, Elizabeth was the husband in this relationship and Helia the wife, she was desperate, almost obsessed with wanting a child but Elizabeth's character isn't interested. In the prison scene of Chicago (mentioned in â€Å"inspirations† and â€Å"research†) they all chant one word which describes their story of what happened between them and their men (why they killed them). This made us think of giving a word to each woman and then in some of their scenes everyone else could whisper that word at certain times. Priya is â€Å"Abuse†, Helia is â€Å"Obsession† and Ema is â€Å"Innocence† these words all have an â€Å"S† sound quality which I think gives it more of an impact and gives it a mysterious atmosphere. Being a Muslim I wear a headscarf and I thought I could use this with the character, because I am a man I could put the scarf in a way that it represents a turban and so obviously this helped me to shape the character, because wearing a turban he could be an Asian, Persian or Arab, but being part Arab myself I thought I'd probably find it easier to be something that I knew about. Being an Arab man then made me consider putting on an accent, to make it a little more interesting and then I thought of a background story between me and Priya just by knowing my character a little more. I thought that since I was being an Arab and Priya being English this would of course be a big culture clash, and being part English and part Egyptian myself I also knew about having a culture clash, and then this could be the reasons for him being insecure about their relationship and then leading to trying to control her by physical means. In the English culture it's much more normal for women to socialise freely with men but Arabs do believe in socialising with both sexes but aren't as lenient, They feel women should be protected and are seen as precious and need not always be on show for men to look at, so in the culture it's normal to have segregated gatherings. But if Priya's character isn't of course accustomed to this she will find it normal to talk to guys in the same way she talks to girls but to him in his culture when a girl is very chatty to a boy their immediate thought is she fancies him and if he is an insecure controlling type of character this will irritate him and make him feel even more insecure and then he will feel he has to stop her. This is what I will use as my purpose for beating her. Acting as my character is quite difficult for me because I'm extremely feminine in the way I walk, talk, my gestures etc†¦ nd being a man everything needs to be changed, I tried watching men in the street just to see how they hold themselves and move when they walk. But because I'm quite slim and small it's hard to move like someone that has broader shoulders and a larger physique. I also find it difficult to put myself in a man's shoes but using the techniques of Stanislavsky I try to understand my character in order for me to be him, everything he does should be for a reason (action for a purpose). For example my gestures aren't to be as extended and flowing as I would usually do them being female they should be more strong and firm but then by him being Arab also gives him certain hand gestures more than a usual European man would do. Even though I imagine him to be insecure inside, he is the type of character that would never tell anyone that he is insecure or upset, instead he would put on a stern face and hold it all in and also instead of ever blaming himself or seeing his mistakes he only acknowledges other people's, so everything is someone else's fault not his! Only by understanding how my character is and how his mind works did I find it easier to act as him. When acting out all our scenes that the couples had done separately, we realised that our scenes were far too realistic and life like which isn't what we all initially intended so we came together and discussed what sort of scenes we want and that they should be done in a similar format etc†¦ We then came up with the idea of having three scenes in every couples section, scenes that are all of different type one realistic, one non- naturalistic and one documentary. It would just give the play more of a spice because there is quite a constant tone through out, which can be quite dull, so by seeing things from different perspectives we thought would make it more interesting. The realistic would obviously be what happened in their every life then the non naturalistic is their thoughts, their dreams, what happened but done in exaggerated dream-like way etc†¦ The documentary scene we originally thought of getting a voice of a man played by tape or CD reading out a news report but then we realised Beatrix needed more lines and so gave her the role of reading the reports, she would read statistics on domestic violence, rape and infertile men. And we thought of using Visual aids to make it a little more interesting so having that information on a screen behind Whilst we were talking about visual aid we thought of the voodoo scene having a fire and to imitate the fire we could have an image of fire on the back screen during that scene. The first scene that me and Priya did which was me coming home and accusing her of waiting for another man and that's the build up of me abusing her, this idea I got from a true story of domestic violence (research). This was what we thought was too realistic and boring but we kept it because when we decided to have the three different types of scenes it balanced it out so seemed ok. We were going to start with the realistic scene but from that research I had done, the true story, I got another idea that we could do. The woman hears her husband coming home and just by hearing his footsteps gets extremely scared and by making this an unrealistic scene it can be very effective. Making the sounds of his footsteps and everything he does as loud exaggerated thuds, and as I get closer to Priya the thudding then starts to sound like heartbeats getting faster and faster and I put my hand on her shoulder and there's one last loud thud, I've arrived! We wanted to put this before the realistic scene of our argument but the group had a problem with this because Priya and I had actually already got an unrealistic scene and this would mean we have one more than the other couples. But I really didn't want to let this idea go I felt it would be very good to show the wife's fear of her husband. And so after some convincing I won my case, under the condition we try and merge this scene with the realistic one. Final Evaluation When we watched ourselves on tape acting our piece, there were many good points I found but also things I felt needed to be improved. Most of our gestures the women's and the men's I thought were very good and to the point (action for a purpose). Although I found I needed to change my posture at points, my body language needs to be a lot more masculine! Beatrix also needs to get more involved in her character so that she can do more gestures and facial expressions correct to the type of character she is. She is being a little cheeky and doing some gestures to portray that but we felt there needed to be more so that the audience has some understanding of what Beatrix is. Our tones of voice (men and women) were good and were believable but we need to slow down our pace and take our time when saying our lines. Our stylised techniques such as the toy box scene of when Helia's character dreams of having a baby and we are all the toy dolls that dance around her, this looked really creative. We need to make sure all of us keep those scary toy smiles on so it's even more affective. In most of our scenes we just need to make them run a little more smoothly and there were some incidences where people didn't know what scene was coming up and the other actors would hint at something for them to remember. This is important that we all help each other out if someone gets confused or forget their lines if we feel out the gap and improvise with it which I ended up doing on the tap because Priya had forgotten one of her lines so I said her line but in a different way so that I was asking it to her in a question and she could just agree to it. The most important section we need to work on is our ending which isn't complete because we need music and need to figure out the choreography etc†¦ I think it'd be useful to also make a clear definition when it has changed from stylised to realistic to documentary because we are just going from one to the next which makes it seem a bit scruffy perhaps if for example we had a news report tune before the documentary starts to give it a bit of an introduction. And in the stylised we could all say the words in cannon of the woman that is in the scene (e. g. innocence) repeatedly to give it that creepy atmosphere and making sure the audience know it isn't realistic. Overall the play came along very well, we all listened to each other and took on ideas and decided everything as a group so that we were all in agreement, we really worked together like a team, which I think pays off in our work. Everyone participated in what they thought of the scenes, lighting, music etc and all the actors had a great deal of respect for each other which made it easier to act side by side and help each other out. There may have been some weaker actors that came late and didn't give as much input into the piece and there were the stronger actors that held the play together, but everyone deserves credit for the amount of work put into the acting of our play.

The Market for Chocolate Cookies Is Comprised of Two Types

(a) As the question says the market for chocolate cookies is competitive thus, this complies with the market structure of Perfect Competition where there are a large number of buyers and sellers in the market. The basic characteristics of a Perfect Competition Market structure are that there is perfect knowledge on both sides of the market that is buyers and sellers know what the current market price is and thus, it prevents exploitation of the consumers as producers would not be able to charge unfair prices.This is because each firm produces an insignificant fraction of the total market supply and therefore is unable to affect price, it is for this reason that each firm in perfect competition is known as a price taker. There are no barriers to entry or exit in a perfectly competitive industry and thus, producers can enter or exit the market without any restrictions and thus, without any significant losses. The intersection of demand and supply curves of the industry determines the e quilibrium price a typical producer can charge which also become the demand of the firm.Due to this, the producers cannot exploit the consumers by charging a high price and thus, the price is always at the equilibrium. This is because if the producers charge a higher price, the demand for the product becomes zero, because the consumers can always switch to another producer as the good is homogenous. (Anderton, 2000) Since the Firms in Perfect Competition are Price takers so they both take the current market price, ‘Pe’ as shown in the Graph where the Market Demand and Supply intersects and form the Market equilibrium.D0 can be assumed as the Total Demand of Chocolate Cookies in the market and S0 can be assumed as the Total Supply of the Chocolate Cookies in the Market. Not for profit Organisations’ (NPOs) Average Cost (ATCn) is higher than the Average Cost of Profit Making Organisations, that is ATCp, because Not for profit organisations’ (NPOs) employ dis abled people and their cost is also high because Profit Making Organisation are making use of Capital Intensive technologies thus, more of their production is automated and they employ fewer workers than the NPOs.Average Cost of the Profit Making Firms (ATCp) is equal to the market Price (Pe) so they are making a â€Å"Normal Profit† just because of higher productivity due to which their cost is reduced. A firm makes a Normal Profit when its total Economic Cost, which is Average Cost in other words, is equal to the price firm is charging. In other words it can be said that the firm is making zero economic profit. A firm makes a supernormal profit when its Average Cost (economic cost) is lower than the price it is charging. The NPOs initially in the Short run are making a loss since their Average Cost (ATCn) is greater than the price (Pe) charged.A profit making firm may also make a supernormal profit but in the short run only, in the long run it can only make a normal profit or a zero economic profit. NPOs will be following a cost minimizing price, marginal cost price. (b)(i) A lump sum tax is a fixed amount that is charged as tax irrespective of a business’s profit, sales revenue or capital. According to Mankiw (2009), A lump sum tax is the most efficient tax possible because the business’s decisions do not alter the tax owed, the tax does not causes any dead weight losses and does not distort any incentives.Since, there is a fixed amount payable as tax so there is no administrative expense of hiring tax lawyers and accountants. Short run is the time period when at least one inputs in the production process is fixed and the rest are variable. Usually in the short run, the variable input is labour and the fixed input is capital. In the short run, it is assumed that producers can only alter production by changing the variable inputs rather than any fixed inputs. In the short run, existing firms do not exit the market.When the government imp oses a lump sum tax on the profit making corporations in a perfect competition, it disturbs the market structure of Perfect competition. It challenges the basic theory of Perfect Competition which says no barriers to entry and exit to and from the market. There is no government intervention usually in a perfectly competitive industry since it changes the basic characteristics of the Market Structure. However, after the government decides to impose a tax on the profit making firms only then the Market Structure of the Chocolate Cookies Industry does not remains a ure perfect competition, the Industry has close characteristics with Perfect Competition but cannot be categorised under it just because of the tax imposed. In the short run, the lump-sum tax must only affect the Average cost of the Profit Making firms while all other costs and revenue must be constant if all other factors affecting costs/revenue remain constant. Hence, as shown in the Graph above, The Average cost (ATCp0) o f a Profit making firm will increase depending on the amount of tax imposed by the government.In the graph above, the amount of tax has been assumed to be ATCp1-Pe which shows that the firm is making a loss after the ATCp0 shifts to ATCp1. If the market price is less than the Average Variable cost of the profit making firm, that is the firm is operating below its shut down point (Price = Average Variable Cost) then the firm will have to shut down production in the short run until there is a decrease in its average variable cost or an increase in the market price.But if in case, the market price is greater than Average variable cost but lesser than Average total Cost then the firm must continue production in the short run since it is covering its variable costs for now. (Mankiw, 2007) (ii) Long run is a time period when all the factors/inputs involved in the production process are variable. There are no fixed factors in the long run. In the long run firms can exit and enter the marke t freely.The long run is primarily used to analyze production decisions for a firm and is also used to better understand economies of scale, diseconomies of scale, and long-run market supply. In the long run, there must be a lot of changes in the industry and must also affect the firms in many ways. Like most of the Profit making firms which will be operating below the Shut down point (Price < Average Variable Cost) must not have been able to survive and must have exit the market.That must only shrink the market supply of Chocolate cookies, if all other factors affecting supply remain constant. The shrinking of supply will shift the Market Supply Curve (S0) to the left to the new Market Supply curve (S1) which must lead to an increase in the equilibrium market price of the industry to Pe1. The new market price will result in NPOs making a supernormal, normal profit or at least covering more of its loss in the short run but making a normal profit in the long run, depending on the num ber of exits from the market which should influence the change in market price.The graph below shows NPOs making a supernormal profit (Pe1-ATCn). It shows the Profit making firms also making a normal profit (Pe1 = ATCp1). Again, depending on the number of exits from the market and average costs of the firms, the profit of both the firms must vary. Since the NPOs now can make a Supernormal or at least a normal profit in the long run and will also get donations additionally so they must benefit their workers with all that extra profits earned.Their Disabled workers must earn much more than they were earning before in the short run and before the lump sum tax by the government was imposed. The NPOs may also employ additional workers after earning extra profits. The workers of the Profit making corporation might be worse off in the short run and some workers which will be working in the firms which had to shut down due to higher Average Variable cost than the market price will be fired while others in the long run will be better off comparatively.It will be unfair for the Profit making firms in a way that they produce better quality cookies as compare to NPOs but still NPOs are better off than the Profit Making Organisations in the long run. The consumers of the industry will be worse off in the long run, since they will have to pay a higher price just due to the lump sum tax imposed by the Government to make the NPOs better off in the long run.The tax burden of the Profit making organisations will be totally passed on to the consumers in the long run since they will have to pay the whole tax burden on the producers in the form of price. Word Count: 1531 words without referencing References: Heyne, P. , P. J. Boettke and D. L. Prychitko (2009). Economic Way of Thinking (9th Edition). Mankiw, N. G. (2009). Principles of Economics (5th Edition). Parkin, M. (2007). Economics (8th Edition).

Radical Book Review Essay

Radical Book Review Essay Radical Book Review Essay 2/17/2015 Ruth Russell Intro to Christian Missions: Book Review: Radical by David Platt I have read this 90% of this book. Section one Platt starts out his book with speaking of his fast growing mega church in Alabama. However as he points out, Jesus only choose twelve men to follow him closely. Thought Jesus often had huge crowds following him around when they got to big, as Plat pointed out, He would start preaching some of the more radical, abstract ideas of His word. This had the effect of separating the goats from the sheep. Only those with radical obedience to Him stayed. After setting this foundation, Platt says that he is convinced that American churches have embraced values and ideas that actually contradict the gospel we claim to believe. What would happen if we really believed and obeyed the true Jesus of the Bible? Our God calls to leave everything we have, to pick up our cross and follow Him. In America we have our cushioned, temperature-controlled churches with all that we could want and then some. But normal church services only meet for an hour or two on ce or twice a week. Platt contrasts our â€Å"normal† church scenario with his experience in Asia, secret church with barely enough to read by with a starving hunger for the word. The Bible is where God talks to us about being His disciple. We live in our cushioned lives while more than twenty-six thousands children die today from malnutrition or preventable diseases. We live in luxury. We avoid beggars on the street as we shop for things we don’t need. How different would our world look if all who believed spread to those who had never even heard? We could put caps on our lives, as John Wesley did, living simply no matter what earthly gifts God blesses us with and sending this rest to those who are in dire need. Could we eradicate poverty and those number of people who haven’t heard? Our question for ourselves should be what will take and not what we can spare. This is a radical way of life, and it’s not easy. Jesus says that while to die is to gain, tha t we are called to live for now. We face many challenges. Our human nature is a constant battle with our Christian walk. It can be, and often, is a lonely walk. Yet believing in and obeying Christ leads to true happiness and treasure in heaven. It means freedom instead of holding on to things of this life and hoarding, we help others and release to God’s control. Ultimately He is our only satisfaction. He lasts forever and ever. To close the book Platt addresses specific ways we might live radically. He calls it an experiment, testing how God wants us to live our lives. He challenges us to try it for a least a year. We need to start praying for the whole world. Prayer is how we communicate with God, â€Å"Ask and it shall be given.† Next God often communicates to us using his word, we need to study it fervently and completely. Then we need to start giving, both our time and our money. This is best done specifically, to a specific purpose and a specific place outside of our comfort zone. Finally we can commit our lives to multiplying God’s kingdom. The Great Commissions is to go into all the world to make disciples. This is a radical life style. Section 2 I thought this book was very well written and a thought provoking book. Have we really gotten away from the biblical dream and replaced it with the â€Å"American dream†? I think Platt was right about how as American’s we have been blessed. How we have let our blessings becoming stumbling blocks to what we need to be doing for the Kingdom. However all good things come from God. So the blessings themselves are not bad things, it’s what we’re doing with them. I don’t think Platt doesn’t stress this enough. He does a good job on what we’re supposed to be doing, but I almost felt guilty for the padded seat I sit